有时候,我们在审稿的时候,想说论文存在一些瑕疵/缺点,但是不同的英语词汇表示的意思还是存在差异的。通过梳理,我们将常见的一些表示瑕疵/缺点的英语词汇(具体包括:Defect,Flaw,Drawback,Shortcoming,Disadvantage,Demerit,Weakness,Fault)进行汇总,以便今后使用和学习。
Defect
“缺点”、“缺陷”,一般指事物的缺点或者人性格上的缺点,程度较重,表示缺点较大。Defects为其复数形式。
例如:
- The defect in the microphone caused a humming sound. (麦克风的缺陷造成了嗡嗡嗡的声音。)
- Her insensitivity is a defect in her character. (她对事物的不敏感是她性格的一个缺陷。)
Flaw
“瑕疵”、“缺点”,一般指较小的,影响完美的小毛病,Flaws是其复数形式。也可用作动词。
例如:
- It was a large diamond, but it had a flaw. (那是一块大钻石,但它有一个瑕疵。)
- Many educators believe that the current educational system is fundamentally flawed. (许多教育家认为目前的教育制度从根本上存在缺陷。)
Drawback
“缺点”、“弊端”,一般是指对人或者事物发展的不利因素,Drawbacks是其复数形式。
例如:
- Though the method is reliable, it has serious drawbacks. (尽管方法是可靠的,但它还是存在严重的缺陷。)
- This system has its drawbacks, but on the whole we are satisfied with it. (该系统有它的缺点,但总的来说,我们是满意的。)
Shortcoming
“缺点”、“毛病”,可指人或物的缺点和毛病,Shortcoming是其复数形式。
例如:
- This is a good car, its only shortcoming is that is uses a lot of petrol. (这是一辆好车,它唯一的缺点是用油量大。)
- Narrow-mindedness is his greatest shortcoming. (心胸狭隘是他最大的缺点。)
Disadvantage
“缺点”、“短处”,一般指人性格或能力上的弱点,有时也可指物存在的缺点、缺陷等,Disadvantages是其复数形式。
例如:
- In spite of her shortcoming, she made a good friend of me. (尽管她有缺点,她和我是好朋友。)
- Robots have some advantages over humans, but they have their inherent disadvantages/shortcomings. (机器人有一些有点胜过人类,但机器人有它固有的缺点。)
Demerit
“缺点”、“缺陷”,其反义词是Merit,Demerit是其复数形式。
例如:
- He has some demerits/shortcomings, but he is the best student in our class. (他虽有一些缺点,但他仍是我们班上最好的学生。)
- I think the primary demerit of the internet today is that it offers so much that it becomes irresistible and has an overpowering effect on out day-to-day life. (我认为,互联网最大的缺点是它提供东西实在太多以致对我们的日常生活产生不可抗拒的影响。)
Weakness
“弱点”、“缺点”、“不足”,一般指人性格上的弱点、缺点或者不足,有时也指物的不足,其反义词是Strength。
例如:
- It's important to know your own strengths and weakness. (了解自己的长处与弱点是重要的。)
值得注意的是:
Weakness和Shortcoming的区别不是很大,但还是存在的:Weakness 一般都是指“某个人/某个东西”的弱点,Shortcoming 一般是指“某个人”的缺点。
某某人的 Shortcoming 是可以改的。
但是某某人的 Weakness 是需要那个人自己去克服。
Shortcoming 只能用来指人的缺点。
Weakness 可以用在人以外的东西上。
Fault
“错误”、“责任”、“过失”,往往指因未尽责任或因某事的发生而须承担的责任或过失,Faults是其复数形式。
例如:
- It was his fault that we were late. (我们迟到的责任在于他。)
参考文献:
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